The United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC) is the principal UN body responsible for promoting and protecting human rights around the world. It was established in 2006 to replace the former UN Commission on Human Rights, with the aim of strengthening the UN’s ability to address human rights challenges more effectively and credibly. The Council is based in Geneva, Switzerland, and is composed of 47 member states elected by the UN General Assembly on a rotating basis, with membership distributed across regions to ensure fair representation. Its primary function is to address human rights violations, make recommendations, and promote universal respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms.

 

One of the Council’s most important mechanisms is the Universal Periodic Review (UPR), which assesses the human rights records of all UN member states every four to five years, providing a platform for accountability and dialogue. The UNHRC also appoints Special Rapporteurs, independent experts, and commissions of inquiry to investigate specific human rights issues or country situations. In addition, it works closely with the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) to monitor developments and provide technical assistance to states. The Council regularly addresses urgent situations, such as conflicts, systemic discrimination, or mass atrocities, and can hold special sessions to respond quickly to emerging crises. Despite its achievements, the UNHRC has faced criticism over the election of member states with poor human rights records and accusations of political bias. Nonetheless, it remains a vital forum for advancing human rights norms, providing a voice to victims, and holding governments accountable at the international level. By bringing together states, civil society, and human rights defenders, the UNHRC continues to be a cornerstone of the UN system’s commitment to dignity, equality, and justice for all.